原文欣赏

其一

早岁那知世事艰，中原北望气如山。

楼船夜雪瓜洲渡，铁马秋风大散关。

塞上长城空自许，镜中衰鬓已先斑。

出师一表真名世，千载谁堪伯仲间！

其二

白发萧萧卧泽中，只凭天地鉴孤忠。

厄穷苏武餐毡久，忧愤张巡嚼齿空。

细雨鱼儿出，微风燕子斜。

千年史册耻无名，一片丹心照汗青。

赏析

第一首诗开篇即回顾年轻时的理想与抱负，“早岁那知世事艰”，透露出一种对现实残酷的无奈。接着通过“楼船夜雪”、“铁马秋风”等意象描绘了当年抗击金兵的情景，展现了诗人不畏艰难、英勇奋战的精神风貌。然而，“塞上长城空自许，镜中衰鬓已先斑”则转而抒发年华老去、壮志难酬的悲凉心境。“出师一表真名世”引用诸葛亮的事迹，既是对诸葛亮忠心报国精神的高度赞扬，也是对自己未能实现理想的一种自我宽慰。

第二首诗进一步深化主题，从个人遭遇上升到历史层面。“白发萧萧卧泽中”形象地刻画了诗人晚年孤独落寞的形象，“只凭天地鉴孤忠”则表明即便身处逆境，依然保持一颗赤诚之心。诗中提到苏武牧羊、张巡守城等典故，用以表达自己虽身处困境却矢志不渝的决心。最后两句“千年史册耻无名，一片丹心照汗青”，更是将个人情感升华至民族大义的高度，表达了即使生命终结，也要让自己的忠诚永远铭刻在历史长河中的强烈愿望。

翻译

其一

In my youth, I knew not how hard the world would be,

Looking north to Central Plains, my spirit soared like a mountain.

By night on the snow-covered riverside at Guazhou Ferry,

On autumn winds among the iron horses at Dazhanguan Pass.

I once promised myself to be a Great Wall in the frontier,

But now see my hair turn gray in the mirror before its time.

The Memorial of Zhuge Liang is truly famous through the ages,

Who else can compare with him throughout history?

其二

With white hair scattered over the marshlands where I lie,

I rely solely on heaven and earth to witness my loyalty.

Like Su Wu enduring hardships while eating raw meat,

Or Zhang Xun's futile attempts to chew on his teeth in despair.

Fine rain brings out fish swimming lazily,

Gentle breezes tilt swallows gracefully.

To have no name in the annals of history is a disgrace for a thousand years,

Yet my loyal heart will shine brightly in the pages of history.

以上便是《书愤二首》的原文、赏析及翻译。陆游以其深厚的文学功底和炽热的爱国情怀，在这两首诗中不仅抒发了自己的内心世界，也激励着后人铭记历史，不忘责任与担当。